Social Sciences & Behavioral Nudges

Our research uses tools, such as behavioral nudges, to influence the behavior and decision-making of groups or individuals through positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions.

Understanding how choice architecture, social cues, and framing effects influence behavior has recently become a shared aim of academics, businesses, and governments, working to promote social welfare. For example, behavioral tools have proven successful at increasing voter turnout, encouraging policy compliance, and adopting best practice health behavior.

In the lab, we study how technology paired with social science insights can be used to “nudge” individuals and groups toward more socially beneficial behaviors — in educational apps, on social media platforms, and in online markets. Using flexible approaches for research design and analysis built on machine learning methods, we bring new insights to pressing research questions from across the social sciences. Our lab also develops public-facing tools for researchers to learn about and apply these methods, and collaborates with social scientists in academia, industry, and government.

Project Abstracts

Read about a few of the research projects the lab is currently working on.

Texts Encouraging Low-Income Students to Apply for Federal Financial Aid

Lab researchers Susan Athey, Henrike Steimer, Matt Schaelling, and Niall Keleher are working with ideas42 to examine the effects of an email and SMS program that aims to encourage community college students to maintain financial aid packages. Using administrative records, machine learning algorithms test differential impacts of the reminders on educational outcomes among different types of students.

Financial Health

Increasing Voter Turnout with Text Reminders

In collaboration with ideas42, lab researchers are investigating whether or not an SMS-message campaign led to increased voter participation during a recent election. Using fine-grained information about voters, causal inference methods are being used to test whether those SMS reminders led to higher voter turnout among certain subgroups of potential voters.

Government Services

Reduce Unanticipated Financial Burdens of Ticketing and Fines Among Car Owners

Utilizing an email campaign through New York City’s Department of Finance, lab researchers and ideas42 are targeting identified behavioral bottlenecks preventing at-risk ticket holders from paying their tickets in New York City. Machine learning and casual inference tools are used in randomized experiments to test whether personalized emails reduce the number of vehicles being booted, especially vehicles of those likely not able to pay increased fines.

Financial Health

Academic Publications

Publication Search
Working Paper

Service Quality in the Gig Economy: Empirical Evidence about Driving Quality at Uber

Susan Athey, Juan Camilo Castillo, Bharat Chandar
September2024
Working Paper

The Value of Non-traditional Credentials in the Labor Market

Susan Athey, Emil Palikot
April2024
Journal Article

Can Personalized Digital Counseling Improve Consumer Search for Modern Contraceptive Methods?

Susan Athey, Katy Bergstrom, Vitor Hadad, Julian C. Jamison, Berk Ă–zler, Luca Parisotto, Julius Dohbit Sama
Science Advances October2023 Vol. 9 Issue 40
Working Paper

Targeting, Personalization, and Engagement in an Agricultural Advisory Service

Susan Athey, Shawn Allen Cole, Shanjukta Nath, S. Jessica Zhu
August2023
Working Paper

Battling the Coronavirus Infodemic Among Social Media Users in Africa

Molly Offer-Westort, Leah R. Rosenzweig, Susan Athey
January2023
Journal Article

Digital Public Health Interventions at Scale: The Impact of Social Media Advertising on Beliefs and Outcomes Related to COVID Vaccines

Susan Athey, Kristen Grabarz, Michael Luca, Nils Wernerfelt
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences January2023 Vol. 120 Issue 5
Working Paper

Emotion- Versus Reasoning-Based Drivers of Misinformation Sharing: A Field Experiment Using Text Message Courses in Kenya

Susan Athey, Matias Cersosimo, Kristine Koutout, Zelin Li
November2022
Working Paper

Smiles in Profiles: Improving Fairness and Efficiency Using Estimates of User Preferences in Online Marketplaces

Susan Athey, Dean Karlan, Emil Palikot, Yuan Yuan
November2022
Journal Article

Estimating Experienced Racial Segregation in U.S. Cities Using Large-Scale GPS Data

Susan Athey, Billy Ferguson, Matthew Gentzkow, Tobias Schmidt
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA November162021 Vol. 118 Issue 46
Working Paper

Shared Decision-Making: Can Improved Counseling Increase Willingness to Pay for Modern Contraceptives?

Susan Athey, Katy Bergstrom, Vitor Hadad, Julian C. Jamison, Berk Ă–zler, Luca Parisotto, Julius Dohbit Sama
September2021
Journal Article

Integrating Explanation and Prediction in Computational Social Science

Jake M. Hofman, Duncan J. Watts, Susan Athey, Filiz Garip, Thomas L. Griffiths, Jon Kleinberg, Helen Margetts, Sendhil Mullainathan, Matthew J. Salganik, Simine Vazire, Alessandro Vespignani , Tal Yarkoni
Nature June2021 Vol. 595 Issue 866
Journal Article

SHOPPER: A Probabilistic Model of Consumer Choice with Substitutes and Complements

Susan Athey, Francisco J. R. Ruiz, David M. Blei
Annals of Applied Statistics March2020 Vol. 14 Issue 1
Journal Article

Economists (and Economics) in Tech Companies

Susan Athey, Michael Luca
Journal of Economic Perspectives December2019 Vol. 33 Issue 1
Journal Article

Estimation and Inference of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects using Random Forests

Stefan Wager, Susan Athey
Journal of the American Statistical Association June62018 Vol. 113 Issue 523
Working Paper

Matrix Completion Methods for Causal Panel Data Models

Susan Athey, Mohsen Bayati, Nick Doudchenko, Guido W. Imbens, Khashayar Khosravi
2017

Interviews

Learn firsthand from researchers and practitioners associated with the lab.

Thought Leadership

ideas42

A report of the collaboration between ideas42 and the Golub Capital Social Impact Lab to advance practical applications of machine learning to behavioral science policy and field experimentation. The contents of this report are designed for any audience looking to learn more about how machine learning can add new techniques to behavioral design, causal inference, and experimentation.

Stanford GSB Insights

The Innovation for Shared Prosperity Conference focused on innovative financial, social, and research models that can improve inequality and how universities and private industry can partner to bring about social change.

Stanford GSB School News

Led by initial Faculty Director Susan Athey, the Golub Capital Social Impact Lab will help leading social sector organizations solve pressing challenges by providing a platform for faculty and students to advance digital innovation in the social sector while catalyzing groundbreaking social impact research and tangible outcomes.

Stanford GSB Insights

Using GPS data to analyze people’s movements, Stanford researchers found that in most U.S. metropolitan areas, people’s day-to-day experiences are less segregated than traditional measures suggest.